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My Last Duchess

By Robert Browning

This web site was created by Melissa Bedard with the hopes of getting a good grade for the World Literature II project assigned to the class.

Robert Browning was born May 7, 1812. At a very young age Browning decided he was going to become a great (if not the greatest) writer of the Victorian Era. His first published work, Pauline, was considered promising, but not very good; his second, Paracelsus, was well-received and Browning was proud of it. He even wrote several stage plays between 1836 and 1843 which were also well-received, though most have been forgotten today. In May of 1840, Browning published Sordello, which was considered to be meaningless and unintelligible, and gave Browning the reputation of being an obscure writer. In 1842, Browning's book of poems, Dramatic Lyrics, a book of poems was published, which included My Last Duchess. After reading several of Elizabeth Barrett's poem's (which included the famous How do I love thee? Let me count the ways), Browning met and later married Miss Barrett in September of 1845. On March 9, 1849,Browning's son, Robert Wiedemann Barrett Browning was born. In 1855, Robert's collection of short poems, Men and Women, was published. This work was greatly inspired by and dedicated to his wife. After a series of illnesses Elizabeth died on June 28, 1861. After his wife's death, Browning increased his efforts of writing. Browning went on to publish Dramatis Personae in 1863, and The Ring and the Book in 1868; finally earning him acclaim as a great writer. Browning was awarded honorary degrees by Oxford University in 1882 and the University of Edinburgh in 1884. Browning's last book, Asolando, was published the day of his death, December 12, 1889. Browning is buried in Poet's Corner of Westminster Abbey.

 

My Last Duchess

Ferrara

That's my last Duchess painted on the wall,
Looking as if she were alive. I call
That piece a wonder, now: Fra Pandolf's hands
Worked busily a day, and there she stands.
Will `t please you sit and look at her? I said
"Fra Pandolf" by design, for never read
Strangers like you that pictured countenance,
The depth and passion of its earnest glance,
But to myself they turned (since none puts by
The curtain I have drawn for you, but I)
And seemed as they would ask me, if they durst,
How such a glance came there; so, not the first
Are you to turn and ask thus. Sir, `twas not
Her husband's presence only, called that spot
Of joy into the Duchess' cheek: perhaps
Fra Pandolf chanced to say "Her mantle laps
Over my lady's wrist too much," or "Paint
Must never hope to reproduce the faint
Half-flush that dies along her throat": such stuff
Was courtesy, she thought, and cause enough
For calling up that spot of joy. She had
A heart -- how shall I say? -- too soon made glad,
Too easily impressed; she liked whate'er
She looked on, and her looks went everywhere.
Sir, `twas all one! My favor at her breast,
The dropping of the daylight in the West,
The bough of cherries some officious fool
Broke in the orchard for her, the white mule
She rode with round the terrace -- all and each
Would draw from her alike the approving speech,
Or blush, at least. She thanked men -- good! but thanked
Somehow -- I know not how -- as if she ranked
My gift of a nine-hundred-years-old name
With anybody's gift. Who'd stoop to blame
This sort of trifling? Even had you skill
In speech -- which I have not -- to make your will
Quite clear to such an one, and say, "Just this
Or that in you disgusts me; here you miss,
Or there exceed the mark" -- and if she let
Herself be lessoned so, nor plainly set
Her wits to yours, forsooth, and made excuse
-- E'en then would be some stooping; and I choose
Never to stoop. Oh sir, she smiled, no doubt,
Whene'er I passed her; but who passed without
Much the same smile? This grew; I gave commands;
Then all smiles stopped together. There she stands
As if alive. Will `t please you rise? We'll meet
The company below, then. I repeat,
The Count your master's known munificence
Is ample warrant that no just pretense
Of mine for dowry will be disallowed;
Though his fair daughter's self as I avowed
At starting, is my object. Nay, we'll go
Together down, sir. Notice Neptune, though,
Taming a sea horse, thought a rarity,
Which Claus of Innshruck cast in bronze for me!

 

My Interpretation

My Last Duchess is a tale about a Duke who is having a conversation with the dignitary of his prospective fiancée's father. The poem begins with the Duke telling the dignitary that the portrait of his last Duchess was painted by Fra Pandolf; a ‘well-known’ artist, letting the dignitary know that he is a very wealthy and influential man. The Duke continues by alluding to the control he now has of his last Duchess by stating that he is the only one allowed to draw the curtain on her portrait and allow her smiling face to be seen. The Duke then starts to describe the faults of his last Duchess to the dignitary. The Duchess did not differentiate the pleasure she received from a gift made by a peasant, a beautiful day, her husband's gift of jewelry, and her husband’s “nine-hundred-year-old name”. This disgusted the Duke because he believed that he should be more important than everything else in her life. The Duchess should have done things to please him and should have ranked him and his 'gifts' above those of everyone else. Since the Duchess did not discriminate between him and everyone else, the Duke had her killed. The only thing left of the Duchess was the portrait of her smiling face that the Duke now totally controls. Now that the Duke has told the dignitary of his last Duchess’s faults, he is certain that he will not be displeased with his next wife. As the Duke and dignitary begin to leave the portrait, the Duke again alludes that he is not concerned about money by saying that he is not interested in the dowry and that the daughter is his sole object. The Duke never desires a wife just ‘an object’ to look good and gives him the control he needs. As they are going down the stairs the Duke comments on a bronze sculpture of Neptune taming a sea horse made for him by the renowned artist Clause of Innsbruck. The Duke does this to illustrate the power, control, and wealth he possesses.

 

Related Sites:

Robert Browning Biography 1

Robert Browning Biography 2

Robert Browning Poems

Robert Browning Quotes 1

Robert Browning Quotes 2

Elizabeth Barrett Browning

All information used in the making of this website was taken from the related sites web pages.